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        α1-Antitrypsin Phenotyping (PI Typing)

        Immunology

        Sample and container requirements

        Serum

        Minimum volume required

        1mL serum

        Special requirements

        None

        Patient preparation

        None

        Sample viability

        Turnaround time

        14 days

        Reference range

        Not applicable

        Clinical guidance

        Investigation of genetic origin of α1-antitrypsin deficiency. Used in family screening for first degree relatives when a deficiency has been identified. Genetic variants of A1AT are characterised by their different electrophoretic mobilties i.e. M, S or Z. The M allele is the most common and is associated with normal protein levels. The Z and S alleles are the most clinically significant deficiency variants; individuals who are homozygous for the Z allele (PI*ZZ) are at the highest risk for developing severe lung or liver disease.

        Notes

        Images to go here

        This information was last updated on 19 August 2026